Plant Adaptations
Plant adaptation to climate change can be modeled. I analyzed a Centre National Research Scientific (CNRS) developed model, Phenotype, for plant adaptation to climate change. Which I converted by importing old models and data into an Excel application. This expanded capabilities and flexibility making it easier to comprehend and adapt by users. (Montpellier, France)
CNRS
Adapt a Plant Overview
The goal is to compute and compare several species all competing against each other for water, sunlight and root and canopy space over the long term (100+ year period) using input from people all around the world..
We will create an on-line Open Source / Open Communities Internet Platform (ie. Github, Social Network Manager etc.) and develop the tools and social network which impact decision making.
Adapt a Plant The Problem
Difficult to understand, enhance and adapt
Impossible to Democratize and evolve.
The Daily Weather data requires re-structuring
Lacks technical documentation, user support and project development potential
The Solution
A 3 step plan : 1) Create a simulation of Phenofit’s models and calculations in Excel and use it as a working tool. 2) Transport Phenofit Excel to web technologies (RISK, GUI, Widgets, etc.) 3 Create an open / on-line community project.
Discussion
There are several reasons for decomposing Phenofit and scaling it down to an Excel version.
It’s easier to understand thus we can evolve, enhance and adapt it It easier to structure Phenofit for user control and data manipulation The outputs are already in Excel and graphics and documentation
Greater potential as it opens Phenofit’s data and calculations to more people.
Excel
The objective is to create a simulation with models and calculations in Excel.
There are several reasons for decomposing Phenological fitness and scaling it down to an Excel version.
It’s easier to understand thus it can evolve, enhanced and adapted
Its easier to re- structure for user control and data manipulation
The outputs are already in Excel and graphics and documentation
Greater potential as it opens Phenological fitness data and calculation to more people
Greater calculation potential.
Cool Excel techniques are :
1 “black-box” or “function” approach –combining “Calculating building blocks”
2. Each sheet (black-box) has input, outputs, local control and a buffer zone.
3 “redirect” technique. Dynamically create pointers to different data sets (ie. years 1, 2, 3. etc.)
4 “table lookup indexes” An index obtained from counters or column variable
5 “retain-if” saves data only when conditions are met
6 “macro” used to increment a counter, in our case the year and species index
7 “color & comments” – ease of use and in-line documentation
Daily Weather
- Relative humidity at 2 m (Humidité relative à 2 m) [RH, %]
- Medium surface pressure (Pression moyenne au surface) [Press kPa]
- Daily precipitation (snow and rain) (Précipitation quotidienne (neige et pluie)) [P, mm]
- Daily sum of visible radiation (Somme quotidienne de rayonnement visible) [GLO, MJ/m²]
- Daily amount of infrared radiation (Somme quotidienne de rayonnement infra rouge [RAT, MJ/ m²]
- Average specific humidity (Humidité spécifique moyenne) [Q, kg/kg]
- Daily minimum temperature at 2 m (Température minimalle quotidienne à 2 m) [TI, ° C]
- Average daily temperature at 2 m (Température moyenne quotidienne à 2 m) [T_a, °C]
- Daily maximum temperature at 2 m (Température maximalle quotidienne à 2 m) [T_i, °C]
- Average wind speed at 10m hight (Vitesse moyenne de vent à 10 m) [Vu, m/s]
Adapt a Plant Calculates Models
Calculations Senescence TYPE_GDD FruitMaturation TWO_PHASES Phenology UNIFIED Leaf ( functions and procedures of leaf unfolding and flowering models) CU_bell THORNWAITE Drough DroughtMonthly WATER_CARBON NODEM Adapt a Plant Calculates Models
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Adapt a Plant Species Details
Lists the details data elements which describe a plant to the models.
Species data concerns reaction to Frost, Drought, given the Species’ Provenanc. Vaviables and calculationss like :
Dl leafing date (Leaf Unfolding Date) ;
Df flowering date;
Dr ripening date;
Dc leaf colouring date.
dormancy entrance (of the buds)
hydric stress on fruit ripening
Il: leaves surviving frost
photosynthetic index depending on temperature.
Calculations
Il frost injury of leaves index;
Er thermal energy available since flowering ;
If frost injury of flowers index;
Ir fruit ripening index;
Sf probability of frost survival;
St probability of drought survival.
probability fruits reach full ripening (cumulated probability of the Gaussian distribution (Ec, sm)),
Ec: fitted parameter of the ripening date model
Sierra
Sierra procedure basically calculates the WATER/CARBON cycle in the roots and leaves of the plant This entails : INFILTRATION, EVAPORATION; LEAF_GROWTH ROOT_GROWTH FPC MATURITY
Download
Links
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/03/19/climate-data-initiative-launches-strong-public-and-private-sector-commitmentshttps://www.thunderclap.it/projects/10206-we-share-sciencehttp://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/index.phphttps://sites.google.com/site/gfwsgf/what-we-fund
https://sites.google.com/site/gfwsgf/about
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/New_NASA_Studies_to_Examine_Climate_Vegetation_Links_999.html